We human beings are different from machines. Machines are mechanical and do not have flesh and blood like us. We eat food to get energy, we breathe, we excrete the waste from our body, we give birth to young ones and we have finite life span unlike robots.
What is our body made up of?
Our body is made up of different kinds of cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of our body. A group of same kind of cells form a tissue. A group of tissues form an organ. Our body has different organs, each of them perform a special function. An organ system is made up of these various organs which work together to make our body function efficiently.
These are different organ systems that are present in our body:
- Skeletal system
- Respiratory system
- Muscular system
- Digestive system
- Nervous system
- Excretory system
- Circulatory system
- Reproduction system
Skeletal System
Our human body is made of up of bones. There are 206 bones in our body.
They are hard and they vary from each other. All bones join together to form a skeleton
Skeleton gives a shape to our body because of which we are able stand straight and Bones protect soft organs like heart, brain and lungs. For heart and lungs are protected by the bone structure called cage.
The bones along with muscles also help in movements.
General Diseases
Arthritis, Riskets, and fractures
Muscular system
Muscular system consist of 639 muscles in our body. The soft fleshy parts in our body which cover the skeleton are called muscles.
They are attached to the bones. Muscles along with bones help the body parts to move. To keep these bones and muscles strong we should do exercise regularly.
General Diseases
Sprains, Cramps, Muscular dystrophy
Nervous system
Our brain is like the engine of a train. It controls all the organ systems and body parts. The brain is protected by the skull. There are thin thread-like tubes running all around our body called the nerves. The brain controls the body parts through these nerves. The human nervous system coordinates all the functions in the body and tell each system when to perform and how to perform. The brain and the spinal cord are control units of the nervous system.
All our actions like hearing, seeing, reading, dancing and more are controlled by the nervous system.
General Diseases
1. Cerebral palsy
Theheartislocatedinourchestfrom which many tubes come Thesetubesarecalledblood vessels. The blood vessels veins,arteries and capillaries. These blood vessels then carry blood to all parts of our body. The heart pumps out purified blood into the arteries, while veins carry the deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Nutrients provide us with the energy to work, repair wounds and prevent us from falling sick. Blood absorbs these nutrients from the food we eat and acts as the medium to transport food and nutrients throughout our body. The organsystem responsible for transportation of food and nutrients is knownas the human circulatory system.
So, the circulatory system consists of the heart- pumping device, blood and the blood vessels-the transporting medium.
General Diseases
Hypertension (BP) , Leukemia, Heart Attack
Respiratory System
we We breathe carry out in, respiration air enters when our body we breathe throughin theand nostrils.breathe Theout.hairWhenin
the nostrils filter the air. Then it travels down tothepharynx and larynx. This air further goes into the left and right bronchi through the wind pipe or trachea. Thereafter, the air passes through the bronchioles and enters the alveoli. Then it finallyentersthelungs. The lungs increase in size when air enters into them. This is why our chest expands.
The lungs absorb the oxygen from the air we breatheinandgive out carbon dioxide in the air. The oxygen that is taken in helps to break down the food. This gives us energy.
When we breathe out, air goes out of lungs. This makes them smaller and that is why thechest decreases in size. Now can you tell various parts that helps us in breathing?
General Diseases
Asthma, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis
Digestive System
Food gives us energy to do work. But the food that we eat cannot be used by the body in the form that it is consumed. So it is broken down into small pieces and it is then absorbed by the body. This process is called digestion.
Food is taken through the mouth andismashed with the help of salivaand the action ofteeth. The mass of chewed food and salivaiscalled bolus. Next, the bolus or the chewed food travels through the oesophagus (food pipe) into the stomach. Digestive juices and acids in the stomach react with the food, breaking them down even further. The last stages of digestion involve the absorption of nutrients and water from the digested food into the blood stream from the small intestine and large intestine respectively. Anywaste substances that the body is unable to digest is stored intherectum, to be excreted through the anus later.
General Diseases
Jaundice, Diarrhoea and Cholera
Excretorysystem
Ourbodyproducesahas lotandofto wastebe removed material as that and is when harmful they to ourare body.Thatiswhyit skin formed.Kidneys,lungs help to remove this waste.
Wehavetwokidneys.They cleanse the blood and also produce urine.Thisurine is stored in the urinary bladder before being passedout.Theureter take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder.Urineis passed out of the body through urethra.
Excretory system
Whenwebreathe out, carbon dioxide is removed from the body by thelungs.
Extrawaterandsaltisremovedfrom the body in the form of sweat bytheskin.
General Diseases
Kidney stones
urinary tract infection
kidney failure
Reproductive system
There are organs in our body for
producing young ones. They form the reproductive system. Men
and women have different reproductive systems.